M君分享|翻译方法之拆句法
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上周,M君为大家介绍了合并法,即将若干个短句合并成一个长句,主要适用于汉译英。本周,M君带来的是与合并法相对应的拆句法,拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉。英译汉时常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
Day Day Up
下面我们先从几个例子中来了解一下拆句法:
Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译)
I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain's membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.
英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
下面,我们就来学习一下如何使用拆句法:
1. 把原文中的一个单词译成句子
a. 副词
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.
中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。
Incidentally, I hope to get better treatment in these countries than I was treated in the United States.
顺便提一下,我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国得到的更好的对待。
They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.
他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
b. 形容词
Chairman Mao might have spoken with understandable pride of his policy of "self-reliance".
毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时,也许有些自豪感,这是可以理解的。
The room was all very neat and christmasy.
房间十分整洁,布置得像过圣诞节似的。
That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看出来的。
c. 名词
A movie of me leaving that building would look like a disaster.
我离开那栋楼的情景,要是拍成电影的话,会像一场灾难一样。
As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.
作为居住的地方,这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地,却是非常理想的。它地处边陲,人们不易了解其中的活动。
He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.
他摇了摇头,两眼睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
2. 把原文中的一个短语译成句子
a. 分词短语
They were at home in the home of the people, moving confidently without fear.
他们在群众家里感到自在,行动时心里踏实,无忧无虑。
Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and shadows.
阳光射入了它所能透过的所有地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了阴影。
b. 名词短语
I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.
我头三年写了四本书,打破了以往的记录。
The station chief wanted to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle.
这位站长想接近董事,因为董事是核心集团的成员。
The military is forbidden to 'kill' the vessel, a relatively easy task.
(政府)禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇,虽然击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.
能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭,这是一条普遍公认的规律。
c. 介词短语
Their power increased with their number.
他们人数增加了,力量也随之增强。
He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.
他来到华盛顿,就国际形势来说,时机正合适。
In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yanan.
一九四六年八月,我在回莫斯科家的途中,第五次路过中国;由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了,当时我并不急于回去,就到了延安。
3. 把原文的一个句子拆开,译成两个或更多句子。
On April 2,2008 an aircraft carrier HORNET put to sea escorted by cruisers, destroyers and a fleet oiler.
(英语简单句--汉语联合复句的并列句)
“大黄蜂”号航空母舰于二零零八年四月二日出航,由若干巡洋舰、驱逐舰和一艘舰队油船护航。
This attitude has been described as anything from a “merciful loss of memory” to “escapist therapy”.
(英语简单句——汉语联合复句的分合句)
人们对这种态度有各种的议论,有的说是“好心的遗忘”,有的说是“逃避现实的疗法”。
His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free College of the City of New York.
(英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的因果句)
由于在中学成绩优异,他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。
The development of an economical artificial heart is only a few transient failures away.
(英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的条件句)
只需再经过几次暂时的失败,就能造出价格低廉的人工心脏了。
The two countries --- with all the talk of warmer relations---are spying on each other as avidly as at the height of the cold war.
(英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的让步句)
尽管两国高唱关系热化,但双方在互相侦察方面的急切程度,不减于冷战高潮时期。
A call from Chile to Spain had to be radioed over the Andes and the Caribbean to New York, across the Atlantic by cable, and over telephone wires through Europe to Madrid.
(英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的假设句)
如果要从智利与西班牙通话,就得先用无线电越过安第斯山脉和加勒比海,到纽约中转,由电缆通过大西洋,然后再通过电话线经欧洲大陆通马德里。
在进行长难句的翻译时,合并法与拆句法往往是非常有用的一组翻译方法。其中,拆句法主要用于英译汉中,对于英语长句的翻译,关键在于理解分析。对于英语长句的分析主要是语法分析与句子结构分析,当你分析完成,对长句有了清晰的认识,便可以适当采用拆句法,将英语长句高质量地翻译出来。
我只是一条分割线
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